AIOU Assignment BEd 1.5 Year 8616 School Administration and Supervision Assignment 2

AIOU Assignment BEd 1.5 Year 8616 School Administration and Supervision Assignment 2

Note: For Other Assignment of BEd 1.5 Year Please click on the Links Below:

• BEd 1.5 Year
• BEd 1.5 Year Second Semester

Q.3 It is important to identify the task areas of the educational administrator. What are the main
task areas of educational administration?
Answer:

Educational Management is a multi-faced activity. It is a social process that is designed to ensure cooperation participation, intervention and involvement of others in the effective achievement of given or determined objectives.

Management, being a social process, lays its major emphasis on the interaction of people-people, mar

inside and outside the institutions and people above and below one?s operational position. Thereto% aims and objectives of educational management have to be understand from the above dimension,  Several attempts have been made byÿEarly Childhood Education Trainingÿto define aims and objectives of educational management different terms.

Broadly the objectives:

To define the functions of the school.

• To plan for the future and arrange the plan of operation.
• To organize/build up the material and human resources required for proper running of the school
• To command the staff both teaching and non-teaching to do their work efficiently
• To co-ordinate the functions of various human elements and correlate all the activities.
• To control and to ensure everything is done in accordance with the rules which have been down and the instructions which have been given.
• To create environment and facilities for educational research etc

Functions of Educational Management/Administration

There are seven clearly defined functions of educational management which throw more light on viz. planning, organization, direction, control, co-ordination, evaluation and reporting. There are seven clearly defined functions of educational management which throw more believe it viz. planning, organization, direction, control, co-ordination, evaluation and reporting. 

Planning

Planning is the crucial step in the educational management. An unplanned management/administration will not go very far. Only a planned approach can achieve the desired. Planning should precede every performance.

Organisation

It is the fundamental task in every administration. Organization is the machine for getting thing done. It mainly concerned with provision, arrangement, and manpower, which enable the administration to carry out its functions. In fact administration works through the available organization.

Direction

It is the process of guiding the human efforts and achieving aims/objectives. Direction represents leadership; which has a key role to play in administrative. This is the authority, which direct thing done direction shows the way. It channelizes the entire organization towards the common goal.

In administration there is always the involvement of number of persons,. Different functionaries of the machinery are made to pursue the common goal by proper control failing which they pull in different directions.

Co-ordination

It is the process of harmonizing in a uniform way all the elements-the persons, materials and services so as to interweave them to achieve a common objective. For this purpose the management should clearly define (1) division of labour (2) allocation of tasks and control & supervision over the Die human or material elements and establishing good rapport/relationship between them.

Evaluation

It is the process of formulating judgment i.e. stocktaking of an administration. Since administration is a dynamic process, it has to be reviewed from time to time examining the extent to which objectives have been achieved, and reasons for failures Proper evaluation enable the management to understand its own strengths and weaknesses and planning for introduction of better techniques or discovery of new knowledge or processes.

*********************************************************************************

Q.4 Explain the central bodies of educational administration that play important role in administration.
Answer:

An education system with government as the major investor and social partners as co-investors. In current stage, local government is playing a key role in compulsory education, while central and provincial government are dominant in higher education. In occupational and adult education, social partners including industrial organizations, businesses and public institutions are playing a more and more important role. Ministry of Education of PRC is the supreme education administration body in China, which is responsible for carrying out related laws, regulations, guidelines and policies of the central government; planning development of education sector; integrating and coordinating educational initiatives and programs nationwide; maneuvering and guiding education reform countrywide.

Since 1978, Chinese government has promulgated such codes as Degree Statute of the People’s Republic of China, Law of Compulsory Education of the People’s Republic of China, Law of Teachers of the People’s Republic of China, Law of Protection over Juveniles of the People’s Republic of China, Education Law of the People’s Republic of China, Statute for Teacher’s Eligibility and Law of Higher education of the People’s Republic of China, and released more than ten sets of education administration regulations. The Ministry of Education, within its jurisdiction, has issued more than 200 sets of administrative rules and regulations, significantly facilitating development of education of different natures.

With regard to education budget, financial allocation is still the major source, while multiple fund channels have been opened up. At present, fund needed by schools directly controlled by the central government comes from the central financial pool; schools controlled by local governments are supported by local finance; schools sponsored by township and villageship governments and by public institutions are mainly financed by the sponsor institutions and subsidized by local governments; funds needed by schools operated by social partners and celebrities are raised by the sponsors themselves (including collecting tuition from students and soliciting contributions). In addition to these sources, the central government is advocating work-study programs, aiming at improving the education conditions through premium services.

Education administrators are employed in universities and colleges, schools, preschools, and daycare

centres. They manage routine activities and provide instructional leadership at these institutions. They may also be employed at businesses, museums, correctional facilities, and community service

organizations to direct their educational programs.

What does an Education Administrator do?

School administrators work in every level of education. They may direct programming, hire and supervise staff, manage budgets, and make decisions that affect the academic community. They are also in charge of developing a direction and mission for the facility at which they work.

The actual specific job functions for an education administrator will vary depending on the institution of employment. For schools, this job is usually the role of the principal or assistant principal. For private schools and businesses, the job may be as a director of programs or head master. Libraries and

museums often employ administrators as instruction coordinators. For colleges and universities, education administrators are employed at all levels of the management structure ? as admissions officers, department heads, and as deans and provosts.

Making policies and procedures and setting educational aims and standards is the responsibility of an

education administrator. They act as a supervisor for managers and support other faculty, such as librarians, coaches, teachers, and aids. In small organizations, such as a daycare, there may be only one administrator in charge of all these duties. At larger institutions, such as universities or large school systems, several administrators share the workload, each having a specific responsibility. Education administrator’s responsibilities include:

• handling relations with parents, students, employers, and the community
• managing budgets and ensuring financial systems are followed
• overseeing record-keeping
• managing student services such as guidance programs
• training, supervising, and motivating faculty including teachers and auxiliary staff
• working on committees including academic boards, governing bodies and task groups
• assisting with recruitment, public or alumni relations and marketing activities
• providing administrative support to an academic team of lecturers, tutors or teachers
• drafting and interpreting regulations and dealing with queries and complaints procedures
• maintaining high levels of quality assurance, including course evaluation and course approval procedures
• contributing to policy and planning
• purchasing goods and equipment, as required, and processing invoices
• liaising with partner institutions, other institutions, external agencies, government departments  and
• prospective students
• organizing and facilitating a variety of educational or social activities

*********************************************************************************

Q.5 What is the difference between the administrative structure of public/government and private schools? Explain the functions of an educational administrative office.
Answer:

Which is better: Private school or public school? It’s a question many parents ask as they consider where their children should go to school. There are generally six factors for a family to consider when determining which is right for them.

1. FACILITIES

Many public school facilities areÿimpressive; others are mediocre. The same is true of private schools. Private school facilities reflect the success of the school’s development team and that of the school to continue to generate financial support from parents and alumni.

Some private K-12 schools have facilities and amenities which surpass those found at many colleges and universities. Hotch kiss and And over, for example, have libraries and athletic facilities on a par with those at Brown and Cornell. They also offer academic and sports programs which make full use of all those resources. It is hard to find comparable facilities in the public sector. They are few and far between.

Public schools also reflect the economic realities of their location. Wealthy suburban schools will have more amenities than inner-city schools as a rule. Think Greenwich, Connecticut versus Detroit, Michigan, for example. The most important factor to consider is, what does your child need to succeed? If your son is an aspiring football player, than a school with great athletic facilities and coaching staffs will be a top priority.

2. CLASS SIZE

According to the NCES report,Private Schools: A Brief Portrait,private schools win out on this issue. Why? Most private schools have smaller class sizes. One of the key points of private education is individual attention. You need student/teacher ratios of 15:1 or better to achieve that goal of individual attention. Many private schools boast class sizes of 10-15 students with 7:1 student-teacher ratios. On the other hand, a public system is a challenge that private schools don’t: they have to enroll almost anyone who lives within its boundaries. In public schools you will generally find much larger class sizes, sometimes exceeding 35-40 students in some inner city schools. If the teacher is a strong teacher with a well-behaved class, this can be a suitable learning environment. But a student who is easily distracted may need something different.

3. QUALITY OF TEACHERS

Teacher salaries can make a difference in the quality of teachers, as can the methods for hiring. Public

sector teachers are generally better paid and have superior pension programs. Naturally, compensation varies widely depending on the local economic situation. Put another way, it’s cheaper living in Duluth, Minnesota than it is in San Francisco. Unfortunately, low starting salaries and small annual salary increases result in low teacher retention in many public school districts. Public sector benefits have historically been excellent; however, health and pension costs have risen so dramatically since 2000 that public educators will be forced to pay or pay more for their benefits.

Private school compensation tends to be somewhat lower than public.

Again, much depends on the school and its financial resources. One private school benefit found especially in boarding schools is housing and meals, which accounts for the lower salary. Private school pension schemes vary widely. Many schools use major pension providers such as TIAA-CREF.

Both public and private schools require their teachers to be credentialed. This usually means a degree

and /or a teaching certificate. Private schools tend to hire teachers with advanced degrees in their subject over teachers who have an education degree. Put another way, a private school hiring a Spanish teacher will want that teacher to have a degree in Spanish language and literature as opposed

to an education degree with a minor in Spanish.

4. Budgets

Since local property taxes support the bulk of public education, the annual school budget exercise is a

serious fiscal and political business. In poor communities or communities which have many voters living on fixed incomes, there is precious little room to respond to budget requests within the framework of projected tax revenue. Grants from foundations and the business community are essential to creative funding.

Private schools, on the other hand, can raise tuition, and they also can raise significant amounts of money from a variety of development activities, including annual appeals, cultivation of alumni and alumnae, and solicitation of grants from foundations and corporations. The strong allegiance to private schools by their alumni makes the chances of fund-raising success a real possibility in most cases.

5. ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT

The bigger the bureaucracy, the harder it is to get decisions made at all, much less get them made quickly. The public education system is notorious for having antiquated work rules and bloated bureaucracies. This is as a result of union contracts and host of political considerations.

Private schools on the other hand generally have a lean management structure. Every dollar spent has

to come from operating income and endowment income. Those resources are finite. The other difference is that private schools rarely have teacher unions to deal with.

6. COST

A major factor in determining what’s right for your family is the cost. Not just of tuition, but in terms of time and commitment. Most private schools require students be driven to and from school and there are significant obligations for students to participate in activities outside of normal school hours. This means a lot of hours and miles for families every week to make it happen. A family needs to weigh the financial costs, time investment and other factories So, who comes out on top? Public schools or private schools? As you can see, there are no clear-cut answers or conclusions. Public schools have their advantages and disadvantages. Private schools offer an alternative. Which works best for you? That’s a question you’ll have to answer for your own family.

Functions of an educational administrative office:

Education administrators often work within the central administrative (academic registrars) department and for individual faculties, departments and sections of universities and colleges of further and higher education. Opportunities also arise within private, tertiary and specialist training 'colleges. There is no 'typical’ job profile: administrators may have student recruitment, funding, quality assurance, marketing, or public relations roles, or they may be responsible for budgetary/financial administration, project management or human resources management. Many work in a general capacity? undertaking tasks from all of these areas.

Typical responsibilities of the job include:

• handling correspondence
• organising and servicing committee and academic board meetings (producing agendas, taking minutes etc)
• researching and writing reports
• preparing statistics and handling data, such as attendance figures
• processing invoices
• purchasing equipment/other goods
• liaising with potential students, other institutions, government departments and external organisations
• helping with course approval and evaluation activities
• formulating and implementing regulations/policies
• timetabling and planning events
• administering and coordinating student recruitment, examinations and assessment activities

The job can be busy at key times in the academic year, when some long hours may be necessary. There are good opportunities for career progression via promotion into senior administrative, managerial and project management roles, or transfer/secondment between departments.
*********************************************************************************